9th January, 2026 : Session on Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA)

This interactive session was conducted on January 9, 2026, for Indian Trade Officers at National Law School India University, Bengaluru for around 11 officers to address the evolving landscape of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA), 2002. Advocates Meghana and Misbah from Dhwani Legal Trust were the resource persons.

Advocate Meghana’s session focused on the interface between the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 and foreign trade regulation. She discussed how trade-related violations, export-import irregularities, and customs infractions can potentially trigger proceedings under the PMLA when linked to “proceeds of crime.” Her session also explored the adjudication of disputes arising from enforcement actions, highlighting the role of adjudicating authorities, appellate mechanisms, and judicial interpretation in balancing regulatory compliance with principles of natural justice. Participants were introduced to practical case scenarios involving trade misdeclaration, overvaluation and undervaluation of goods, and compliance obligations for exporters and importers.

Advocate Misbah’s session examined the investigative and enforcement powers available under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 and related legislations. She provided a comparative understanding of investigative procedures under the Foreign Trade (Development and Regulation) Act, 1992, Customs Act, 1962, and the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023. Particular emphasis was placed on search and seizure powers, summons, arrest procedures, attachment of property, and the evidentiary standards applicable in money laundering investigations.

The session also included a detailed discussion on the stringent bail provisions under the PMLA, especially the application of the “twin conditions” for bail and the evolving jurisprudence surrounding personal liberty and economic offences. Participants engaged in discussions on the practical implications of overlapping jurisdictions between enforcement agencies such as the Directorate of Enforcement, Customs authorities, and trade regulatory bodies.

Overall, the session provided the officers with a comprehensive and practice-oriented understanding of the legal framework governing money laundering and trade-related financial offences. The interactive nature of the session encouraged active participation, enabling officers to better appreciate the complexities of enforcement, investigation, and adjudication in the context of international trade and financial regulation.